How to Use a VHF Radio on a Boat

How to use a VHF radio on a boat is one of the most important questions every boater should ask before heading out to sea. A marine VHF radio is not just a communication device – it is a critical piece of safety equipment that enables contact with other vessels, coastal authorities, and emergency services in case of danger.
In this guide, we explain what a VHF radio is, how to use it properly, how to call other boats, and how to send emergency messages – with clear, practical steps from the perspective of Adria Yachts.

1. What Is a VHF Radio and Why Is It Important?

A VHF (Very High Frequency) radio is a marine radio transceiver operating in the frequency range from 156 to 174 MHz and divided into channels 01 to 28 and 60 to 88.

This device enables two-way communication between vessels and shore stations and is used for:

• calling other vessels or coastal services
• transmitting emergency signals (e.g. MAYDAY, PAN PAN, SECURITE)
• receiving safety and weather information
• coordinating manoeuvres in narrow waters or during docking

A VHF radio is a legally required piece of equipment on most vessels and represents a critical safety instrument at sea.

2. Basic Steps: How to Use a VHF Radio on a Boat

2.1 Switching On and Basic Settings

Before setting sail, always check your VHF radio:

• Switch on the device and set the transmission power depending on the communication range required.
• Adjust the volume so incoming messages are clearly audible.
• Set the squelch to eliminate background noise while still allowing normal signal reception.

2.2 Channel Selection

A key part of understanding how to use a VHF radio on a boat is knowing which channel to use:

• Channel 16 – the international calling and distress channel (distress, safety, and calling). It should always be monitored while at sea.
• Channel 9 – an alternative calling channel commonly used by recreational vessels.
• Working channels (e.g. 68, 69, 71, 72) – used for further communication once initial contact has been established.

2.3 Communication Rules: How and When to Call

When you want to contact another vessel or shore station:

• Select Channel 16 (or 9) for initial contact.
• Clearly identify yourself using the vessel’s name and call sign.
• Speak slowly and clearly, avoiding unnecessary words or slang.

Example call:

• “Yacht Adria Yachts, Yacht Adria Yachts, calling Marina Split. This is Yacht Adria Yachts. Over.”

Once the other party confirms reception, both parties should switch to an agreed working channel to avoid congesting Channel 16.

3. Emergency Messages: MAYDAY, PAN PAN, SECURITE

When discussing how to use a VHF radio on a boat, it is essential to understand how to send emergency messages.

3.1 MAYDAY – The Most Important Distress Signal

The MAYDAY signal is used when a vessel is in immediate and grave danger to life or property.

Steps to transmit a MAYDAY call:

• Switch to Channel 16.
• Say “MAYDAY” three times.
• State the vessel’s name three times, followed by the call sign once.
• Give your position and describe the emergency.
• Repeat MAYDAY and the vessel identification.

3.2 PAN PAN and SECURITE

• PAN PAN indicates an urgent situation that is not immediately life-threatening.
• SECURITE is used to announce safety information, such as severe weather warnings or navigational hazards.

All emergency messages take priority over routine communications, and other users must cease non-essential transmissions.

4. Radio Etiquette and Common Mistakes

Proper VHF communication also involves correct radio etiquette:

• Do not hold the push-to-talk button when not speaking – it blocks other users.
• Avoid long or casual conversations on channels not intended for that purpose.
• Never use Channel 16 for non-emergency conversations.
• Speak clearly and slowly, avoiding unnecessary jargon.

5. Digital Technologies: DSC and MMSI

Modern VHF radios often include Digital Selective Calling (DSC). This system allows:

• digital calls to shore stations and other vessels
• automatic transmission of GPS position during distress calls
• identification through the vessel’s MMSI number

In the EU and international waters, DSC is a recommended and legally recognised technology that significantly increases the chances of a rapid response in emergency situations.

Conclusion

How to use a VHF radio on a boat is not just a technical matter – it is a fundamental skill for safe, timely, and professional communication at sea. In this guide, you have learned basic VHF radio setup and operation, channel selection and communication rules, how to send emergency messages, practical etiquette tips and how to avoid common mistakes.

Using a VHF radio correctly and responsibly can save lives – yours and those of others. At Adria Yachts, we strongly recommend regular practice and familiarisation with VHF radio procedures before every voyage.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: How do you use a VHF radio on a boat to call a marina?

A: Start by calling on Channel 16 or 9, identify your vessel, and request a working channel for further communication.

Q: Can I talk to friends using a VHF radio?

A: Yes, but after the initial call, move to an agreed working channel – never stay on Channel 16.

Q: How far can a VHF radio transmit?

A: In ideal conditions, up to 20–30 nautical miles for fixed units and slightly less for handheld radios. Range depends on antenna height and transmission power.